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Radiography
Radiography TPLO

Stifle 

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Standard radiographs include two views:

 

  • Mediolateral view:

    • The patient is placed on lateral recumbency with the affected limb close to the table;

    • The tibia is parallel to the cassette with no tibia rotation;

    • The stifle and tarsocural (hock) joints are flexed of 90 degrees angle;

    • The radiographic beam is positioned on the middle/proximal tibia;

    • The collimation is from the distal femur to the tarsocural joint (hock) including the last one;

    • The os penis (penile bone) should be away from the stifle

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  • Craniocaudal or Caudocranial view:​

    • The fabelle should appear to be divided in equal part by the femur;

    • The patella should be central to the femoral condyle;

    • The tail should be not superimposed to the stifle.

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Caudocranial view

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Notes for TPLO

 

The goals of the preoperative radiographs are to measure the tibial plateau angle, chose the appropriate sawblades size and estimate the right amount of rotation of the tibial plateau;

 

Ideally, the perfect radiograph should have femoral and the tibial condyle superimposed.

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An empty cassette or foam could be placed under the pelvis to reduce the tibia rotation;

The toes could be tied to the table with tape/sandbags;

A foam wedge could be placed under the tarsocural joint (hock)

 

If a not perfect radiograph could be taken, please send to us the three best medio-lateral views. The leg should be repositioned for each view.

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Elbow

 

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Standard radiographs include three views:

 

  • Craniocaudal view

    • The animal is placed in sternal recumbency, with the limb extended;

    • The radiologic beam should be pointed on the centre of the humeral condyle;

    • The elbow should be straight and perpendicular to the plate;

    • The collimation should include the distal humerus to the proximal radius and ulna;

    • The radiographs will show the olecranon centred between the humeral condyle.

Elbow Dysplasia
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Loki 2mths post op R Elbow Cr caud 000

  • Natural mediolateral view

    • The patient is placed in lateral recumbency;

    • The contralateral limb could be ligated and pulled caudally;

    • The radiologic beam is pointed on the medial epicondyle;

    • The collimation should include the distal humerus to the proximal radius and ulna;

    • The carpus joint angle is kept at 90 degrees avoiding supination of the foot;

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   Mediolateral view of the Elbow

Notes for Elbow Mediolateral View

  • Please avoid supination of the foot which results in a non-alignment of the humeral condyles

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The elbow is positionated in a natural angle with the carpus flexed avoiding supination of the foot; this results in a perfect alignation of the condyles

  • Hyper flexed( mediolateral view)

    • The patient is placed in lateral recumbency;

    • The contralateral limb could be ligated and pulled caudally;

    • The radiologic beam is pointed on the medial epicondyle;

    • The collimation should include the distal humerus to the proximal radius and ulna;

    • The joint is fully flexed, with the carpus positioned very close to the head;

    • A sandbag is positioned on the carpus.

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Loki thomas L lat flexed elbow0000_edite

Notes for elbow dysplasia:

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  •  An additional slightly tilted craniocaudal view with a 15-degree angle of pronation may be required to visualize better the medial compartment.

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  • Radiographs exam of the contralateral elbow may be required

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Loki 2mths post op R Elbow Cr caud 200

Hips​

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  • The patient is placed in dorsal recumbency with both limbs fully extended with the body in a straight position;

  • The radiologic beam is positioned at the centre of the hips, in a middle position between the femoral great trochanters;

  • The collimation should be:

    • Cranial - to the wings of the Ilium;

    • Caudal - distal to the stifles;

    • Laterally to the skin edges.

Hips
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Shoulder​

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  • The patient is placed in lateral recumbency with the upper limb caudally tight to the table and the interested limb pulled forward avoiding superimposition of the sterum and of the endotracheal tube,

  • The radiologic beam is positioned over the acromion process

  • The collimation should be:

    • Distal third of the scapula;

    • The proximal third of the humerus.

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